Despite the large impact horse domestication has had in transport and communication, tracing its origins has been challenging. A necessary precursor to the invention of the chariot is the domestication of animals, and specifically domestication of horses – a major step in the development of civilization. These earliest vehicles may have been ox carts. Evidence of wheeled vehicles appears from the mid 4th millennium BC near-simultaneously in the Northern Caucasus ( Maykop culture), and in Central Europe. The invention of the wheel used in transportation most likely took place in the European Pontic Steppes of modern-day Russia, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria. Origins at the Eurasian steppe Han dynasty bronze models of cavalry and chariots In ancient Rome a biga described a chariot requiring two horses, a triga three, and a quadriga four. The word "chariot" comes from the Latin term carrus, a loanword from Gaulish. It was initially used for ancient warfare during the Bronze and Iron Ages, but after its military capabilities had been superseded by light and heavy cavalries, chariots continued to be used for travel and transport, in processions, for games, and in races. The chariot was a fast, light, open, two- wheeled conveyance drawn by two or more equids (usually horses) that were hitched side by side, and was little more than a floor with a waist-high guard at the front and sides. The critical invention that allowed the construction of light, horse-drawn chariots was the spoked wheel. 1950–1880 BCE and are depicted on cylinder seals from Central Anatolia in Kültepe dated to c. The oldest known chariots have been found in burials of the Sintashta culture in modern-day Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, dated to c. Approximate historical map of the spread of the spoke-wheeled chariot, 2000–500 BCEĪ chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power. Reconstructed Roman chariot drawn by horses. A vase showing a warrior riding a chariot pulled by a horse, from southeastern Iran, c. For other uses, see Chariot (disambiguation).
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